Medieval instruments including the chinese erhu, the finnish bowed lyre and the indian sarangi all had the same basic mechanics as the modern violin, using the principle of a continually resonating string amplified by a hollow body. In sense 1 and 2, the plural form used is braccia, derived from latin bracchia, the ancient neuter plural of bracchium. Essentially, the term viola was used for all such instruments in italy. Viola da braccio definition of viola da braccio by. Many archive documents testify that from 148595 brescia was the cradle of a magnificent school of string players and makers, all called with the title of maestro of all the different sort of strings instruments of the renaissance. Todays violin owes its existence to an ancient instrument known as the lira, which was used in europe as early as the 9th century. Violin family project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks.
Paintings from the era indicate that types of stringed. Lambert smit, towards a more consistent and more historical view of bachs. Other predecessors include the medieval fiddle, rebec, and lira da braccio. Media in category viola da braccio the following files are in this category, out of total.
Articles, which are refereed before publication, are welcome from members. Stradivari is recognized as the greatest violin maker in history and went on to finalize and refine the violins form and symmetry. Generic term of the 16th and 17th centuries for any bowed string instrument played on the arm, normally a member of the violin family. The viola da braccio arm viola and viola da gamba leg viola were used in the sixteenth and. Monteverdis orfeo printed 1609 designates an entire sixpart. Pdf the viola da gamba contents and chapter 1 bettina. The lira da braccio download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Viola da braccio is a term variously applied during the baroque period to instruments of the. Journal of the viola da gamba society of america index to volumes 148 19642014 author names as main entries are in upper case.
Frets on the viol are usually made of gut, tied on the fingerboard around the. Search the history of over 431 billion web pages on the internet. Pdf scanned by ume homerdundas 20121111 editor friedrich zelle. The viola da gamba was played at the legs, had high ribs, five to seven strings across a flatter bridge and a flat back. It may be assumed that the alto, tenor and bass versions emerged soon after the soprano instrument. Click download or read online button to get the lira da braccio book now. Saint francis and an angel with a viola da braccio the. Viols feature frets, arched bridges, sloped shoulders, and flat backs, and either six or. The influence of the arabian rabab and the rebec which emerged in spain are also seen in the violin. In the first half of the 16th century, when the violin family evolved from the viola da braccio, instruments were built in three registers.
A viola da braccio with five strings that i made based on a painting by a contemporary of leonardo da vinci. Today, you find a variety of double bass models that are descendants of these two significant ancestries. She is the author of the catalogue of solo and chamber music for viola da. The viola da braccio was played on the arms, had low ribs, four strings across a curved bridge and a round back. The first actual visual evidence that we have of the viola is one that is. The history of the viola is closely linked to the development of the other instruments in the violin family, which were first made in northern italy between 1530 and 1550. The cello came to the limelight for the first time in northern italy in 1550. Museala och musikaliska forestallningar om historiska. Home of the viola societies and the viola mailing lists.
At first da braccio seems to encompass the entire violin family. A five strings instrument made after an original of hieronymus brensius bononiensis conserved in museo civico medievale in bologna, italy. The iconography of the viola da gamba in ganassis context martina papiro. Viola da braccio definition of viola da braccio by the. This lavish book features breathtaking color photos of the finest violins and b. Viola da gamba instruction and study subtopics viola da gamba instruction and study early works to 1800 1 title violation of motor vehicle traffic laws. Revision history score score, basso continuo basso continuo, violon violon, viola da braccio viola da braccio, viola viola, violino ii violino ii, violino i violino i. The belly is from quartered spruce with typical renaissance choles with wooden walnut insert rose. Like its cousin, the violin, the history of the cello dates back to the mid1500s and evolved from the earlier viola da braccio and the viola da gamba in the workshops of such famous instrument makers as andrea amati, gasparo da sala, and paolo maggini. This includes works originally scored for solo viol or viola da gamba. Indented bouts can be found only with lire da braccio. Indeed, the violin, viola, cello, and double bass all have their origins from the european viol, which consisted of two varieties, the viola da braccio arm viol and the viola da gamba leg viol. In this comprehensive study, bettina hoffmann offers both an introduction to the instrument its construction, technique and history for the nonspecialist, interweaving this information with a wealth of original archival scholarship that experts will relish.
Revision history score score, basso continuo basso continuo, violon violon, viola da braccio viola da braccio, viola viola, violino ii violino. Viol, also called viola da gamba, bowed, stringed musical instrument used principally in chamber music of the 16th to the 18th century. Viola da gamba subtopics viola da gamba family of viols. In addition, the violin and the viola are widely used in the music of south india and north africa, in contemporary greek and arab music, in european and american folk music, and by roma musicians. The violin first emerged in northern italy in the early 16th century especially from the brescia area. The viola list, an email list for viola discussions run continuously since 1995, is now hosted at groups.
The viol also referred to as the viola da gamba, or gamba is a european bowed and fretted string instrument played on the leg da gamba, used at court and in the home primarily during the renaissance and baroque periods. The violin is a descendant of the the viol, an early renaissance instrument. Both the viola da gamba and the violone are the ancestors of the double bass. It is a member of the violin family and was initially called bass violin. Historical development of the violin family the violin family emerged in italy in the mid 16th century. Over the centuries in the history of the violin and viola da gamba families, there has been a. The viol the mets heilbrunn timeline of art history. The violin family comprises the violin, the viola, the cello violoncello, and the double bass. Pdf 100 kb read or download introduction to the first edition. The most important was the viola da braccio, which means viola played in the arm.
The viol shares with the renaissance lute the tuning of its six strings two fourths, a major third, two fourths and the gut frets on its neck. The book begins with a description of the instrument, and here hoffmann grapples with. The history of the violin bowed string instruments have been played all over the world for many thousands of years. Search the history of over 424 billion web pages on the internet. The history of the viola is closely related to the development of the other instruments in the violin family. The history of the cello is linked with other stringed instruments like the harp and lyre that were extensively used by ancient civilizations to make music. The viola da gamba was a central instrument in european music from the late 15th century well into the late 18th. Instrumental parts are placed at the end of the pdf file. In this comprehensive study, bettina hoffmann offers both an introduction to the instrument its construction, technique and history for the nonspecialist, interweaving this information with a wealth of original archival. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. It is generally believed that the double bass is an instrument with roots in the gamba and viol families. Featured texts all books all texts latest this just in smithsonian libraries fedlink us genealogy lincoln collection. This is a brief history of the lira da braccio, a handbook for its use, and selected repertoire. Indeed, the violin, viola, cello, and double bass all have their origins from the european viol, which consisted of two varieties, the viola da braccio arm viol and the viola da.
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